![]() ![]() In Bookbinding and the conservation of books, Roberts and Etherington define flat back case binding as, "A simple type of (library) binding which has a flat spine and is cased or has a one-piece covering. The paper and fabric is very handsome if I do say so myself :) The center of this signature shows that I should have pulled the thread more taut and boned down better! The visible thread is where the needle entered and exited the six sewing stations, while the two empty spots indicate the location of the two tapes I sewed around. We used the guillotine to trim the fore-edge for a smooth appearance and feelingĬenter of one signature. this was a premade tailbandĭetail of the text block and corners. It turned out beautifully! I am very pleased with the evenness it displays and am very fond of it.ĭetail of the tail and tailband. I ended up leaving my book in the nipping press for the week, and picked it up the following week when I came for the Limp Paper Binding workshop. I managed this step quite well, and I believe it is because of my experience repairing so many large reference books at my work - one of the most common problems is the text block sagging out of the case of commercially bound books, and I had fixed quite a few of those back when I did the reference collection evaluation and mending project. The trick is to slowly let down the cover after applying the adhesive to the end sheet - too fast and it tends to wrinkle. Lots of my classmates were stressing about this. Once the text block and case had been fully constructed, the last nerve-wracking step was gluing the text block into the case. ![]() As it turns out, this was historically accurate, as I will discuss below, in addition to being a practical consideration. Additionally, we selected our endbands and glued them on - we did not begin to learn about sewing headbands and tailbands until week 3. The workshop also presented the distinct pleasure of selecting our materials from a bright variety for the casing cover - I chose a light brown japanese silk material with a slightly yellow metallic undertone for the spine and corners, and a marbled paper for the rest of the book boards. ![]() We actually went to the length of drawing out a sort of "blue print" for the dimensions which was time consuming but very useful for future endeavors. Text blocks for bookbinding how to#The case construction was challenging and fun because we learned how to calculate the dimensions and necessary overlap for the book boards, spine construction, and cloth and paper covering (in this case a 1/2 binding style, as the spine fabric carried a short distance onto the boards, and we used the spine fabric to make corners). mohawk superfine vellum opaque paper that we used for all the text blocks. We did not use special paper for the end sheets in this one, just the 70 lb. To put it more in depth, the sewing of the text block introduced the guillotine, and we learned the french stitch to sew the text block, as well as how to back the text block. To put it simply, in this workshop we sewed a text block, constructed a case, then glued the two together. ![]() We discussed paper grain even more in depth this week, which was a reoccurring topic through all the workshops. Our second workshop was on Flat-back case binding, which incorporated some of the things we had learned in the Coptic binding workshop (composing and trimming signatures, adhering papers to the bookboards, preparing thread for sewing), and got us ready for the more advanced workshops to come. As I mentioned in my blog post about Coptic bookbinding, I took the Bookbinding Core Certificate Program at the San Francisco Center for the Book in April, 2015. ![]()
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![]() ![]() For example, if your toenails are particularly thick, you will need a pair of nail clippers that open wide enough, so the nail fits into them. Nail Thickness - Many factors can affect the thickness of your nails: diet, exercise, fungal infections, and the like. When using precision nail clippers, you will find that you don't need a nail file to shape your nails after clipping. Clippers designed for precision tend to be small, easy to carry, and much easier to use than larger plier-types. It would be best if you had something good for dexterity and works at any angle. Imprecise nail clipping can lead to breakage, splits, and fractures, often resulting in unhealthy nails. Precision - Precision is an important factor to consider when purchasing nail clippers, as they are an important part of your personal grooming kit if you want your nails to be clean and neat. Keeping your nails trimmed and clean is an issue of personal grooming and one of health. However, your intended use may differ if you are struggling with mobility issues or have difficulty handling small objects. If you are a manicurist or pedicurist in a salon, it's a good idea to have various clippers, so you are always prepared. Intended Use - There are many reasons you might need nail clippers, a deciding factor when buying. They also tend to be sharper than their cheaper counterparts. Stainless-steel and similar metals are durable and hard-wearing, so nail clippers made from these are more likely to stand the test of time. Cheap materials such as tin and aluminum are useful and great for users who want something quick and easy to get their hands on, but they are likely to break after a few uses. Material - The material of your nail clippers can make or break (literally) the clippers. Some of them are designed for more practical, ''does what it says on the box" users, while others are geared towards users who want to get the most use out of their clippers for the longest time possible. We also have a selection of ten of the best brands on the market. We have put together a handy buying guide, and some frequently asked questions to keep in mind when you go shopping for a new set of nail clippers. #NAIL CLIPY PROFESSIONAL#For example, the nail clippers' material can affect the item's longevity, and many professional brands can come in kits or with accessories. There are a lot of factors to consider when making your purchase. The integrated file is excellent for at-home pedicures or professional salons.įor more must-have grooming products, check out these top dopp kits from our list. These nail clippers were designed for everyone-suitable for men and women, and boys and girls. The Harperton Nail Clipper Set includes both fingernail and toenail clippers, so you can select the most appropriate tool for the job, as well as reducing the risk of nail fungus. These nail clippers are strong and so brilliant that nail splitting and jagged nails are a thing of the past. If you want to file them down after clipping, go ahead, but you will find there is no need these nail clippers are one of the most precise sets featured on this list. Made from high-quality, hand-sharpened stainless steel, these blades cut through thick nails. Your fingers will feel cradled as you effortlessly and seamlessly control your clipping with the unique handle design. Our next selection worthy of your consideration is this set of nail clippers by Harperton. Hopefully, this list inspires you to look into the wide, varied market of personal grooming. Whatever your reason, we are here to provide some guidance. ![]() You might want to add something to your personal grooming kit. #NAIL CLIPY UPDATE#Salon manicurists and pedicurists, you might want to have a complete overhaul of your current set-up or update it so that you can offer more services. However, you do not need to be a professional manicurist or podiatrist to shop for nail clippers. Nail clippers are one of those household, ”every day” type items that seem to just appear in your medicine cabinet, your handbag, or anywhere else you might happen to keep them. Some people might also bite their nails instead of using clippers and want to take a step back to regain some control over their habit. As a result, they need to frequent their local podiatrist to have this issue taken care of. People who suffer from ingrown toenails or fungal nail infections often find that their nails become thick and unruly rather quickly. The last few years have seen a rise in personal grooming, either for cosmetic or medical reasons. ![]() ![]() ![]()
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She says that this is important because you need one large work that feels commanding. #Free art view wall gallery tv#When starting out, Emily Henderson, a stylist, author, and TV host, personally recommends in her article, “The Guide to a Well Hung Gallery Wall,” that you start by anchoring your gallery wall with one large piece. It allows you to create a modern look and feel for your space and it gives you the freedom to experiment with color palettes and a mixture of frames to create that organic flow that will brighten up your walls. This is probably my favorite type of gallery wall. #Free art view wall gallery how to#Source: H omepolish How to Create the Perfect Layout for an Organic, Asymmetrical Gallery Wall (Once you're done, you can recycle that craft paper or use it for other projects )). And then you can avoid making a ton of holes in your walls while you’re trying to get it right. If it were up to me, I would trace the frames on brown craft paper, and use painter’s tape to hold these pieces of paper in place on the wall so you can map out the placement of each work. Essentially, you would be creating a template for your gallery wall. You can also use painters’ tape to map out the placement for each of the works. I personally recommend that you photograph each arrangement that you create, while you are experimenting so you can go back and review which one will be the best for your home. The best way to experiment with that is to play with several variations of the framed work that you have on the floor. Most interior designers recommend that you play with a couple of layouts until you find the best one that will suit your gallery wall. How to Create the Perfect Gallery Wall Layout #Free art view wall gallery download#It can be a selection of works that you truly connect with or a selection of works that fit perfectly into the aesthetic of your home.īut before you continue, make sure to download the free Perfect Gallery Wall Checklist. It can be as simple or as complex as you want it to be. You can also use these stories and experiences from each of the works as a way to share your personal story and style within your home. You can hone in on your personal aesthetic and tell a story through the selection of paintings that you put together. When creating a gallery wall, you have the opportunity to combine several original paintings, drawings, prints, and can even include some framed objects that you love if it fits into the decor. Below, I will be explaining some of the best tips that I have learned so you can create the perfect gallery wall for your home. And remember, there is no one RIGHT way to create a gallery wall. You can create a collection from your favorite artworks that you have collected over time. The beautiful aspects of creating a gallery wall are you can create an impact that embraces your personality and who you are through the different types of artworks that you choose to display. But the final result, when done right, can end up being such a beautiful accomplishment. ![]() They involve creating a nice balance of different works of art with the size, colors, shapes, and textures. Let’s be real! Gallery walls can be really tricky to create. ![]() ![]() ![]() anyone who can speak English to any degree), but we focus more narrowly on those socialised via English as their first and only language in the home. The term Anglophone can be interpreted broadly (e.g. In this complex language situation, people have varied language skills and views on multilingualism (de Bres 2014). English has high prestige in Luxembourg and is widely believed to be on the rise (de Bres 2017a). Luxembourgish, meanwhile, is increasingly a marker of group membership within the Luxembourgish population (Horner and Weber 2011). As most cross-border workers come from France and French-speaking Belgium, French has become the main lingua franca (Horner and Weber 2011). The presence of migrants has a significant impact on the languages used. In addition, cross-border workers from France, Germany and Belgium accounted for 45% of the workforce (STATEC 2018). This includes historical migration of Italians and Portuguese (the latter comprising 16% of the population), alongside more recent arrivals working in multinational companies and European institutions. People with non-Luxembourgish nationality made up 48% of the resident population of 602,000 at the time of our research (STATEC 2018). The first three have long been widely used, and linguistic diversity continues to increase through high levels of migration. Luxembourg is a small country between France, Belgium and Germany, with four official languages – Luxembourgish, French, German and German sign language. While some research has investigated the language ideologies of migrants to Luxembourg (de Bres 2014 Franziskus 2013) or the sociolinguistic positioning of Anglophone temporary workers (Lovrits and de Bres 2020), our research is the first to our knowledge to focus on the language ideologies of Anglophone migrants who have settled here. In this article we seek to build a fuller view, examining the language ideologies of twelve Anglophone migrants to Luxembourg. They may be constructed as bearers of envied linguistic capital, as bumbling linguistic tourists, or as ‘foreigners’ unwilling to adapt. Fundamentally, though, monolingual cringe reinforces privilege, allowing participants to apologise for their monolingualism even as they continue to benefit from it.Īnglophone migrants 1 in multilingual societies like Luxembourg are generally viewed as occupying a privileged position, given the power attributed to English worldwide (Crystal 2003 Doerr 2009). The affective intensity of the drawings suggests the ideology of global English does have costs for Anglophone migrants. Sometimes it performs a distancing function, enabling them to oppose themselves to the stereotype of the monolingual English speaker. Sometimes it appears to express genuine distress, in the form of searing linguistic insecurity. Sometimes it serves as an affective disclaimer, allowing them to lean on their privilege in a more socially acceptable way. Monolingual cringe – expressed as shame, embarrassment and being ‘bad at languages’ – performs several functions for the participants. ![]() Visual features indexing affective states include colour, gesture, facial expression, and composition. Participants adopt various ideologies, sometimes aligning with the ideology of global English, sometimes with counter-ideologies of resistance to it, and sometimes a mix of the two. Analysing twelve interviews in which participants drew and described their language experiences, we examine the language ideologies Anglophone migrants adopt in response to the ideologies of English they encounter. This article uses reflective drawing to explore representations of multilingualism by Anglophone migrants in Luxembourg. ![]() ![]() PHOTOGRAPH BY PAUL CHELSEY / GETTY PHOTOGRAPH BY PAUL CHELSEY / GETTYĪ similar false alarm had occurred the previous year, when someone mistakenly inserted a training tape, featuring a highly realistic simulation of an all-out Soviet attack, into one of NORAD’s computers. The NORAD headquarters, in Colorado Springs. Odom apologized-it was a false alarm. An investigation later found that a defective computer chip in a communications device at NORAD headquarters had generated the erroneous warning. As he prepared to call Carter and recommend an American counterattack, the phone rang for a third time. Odom called back and offered a correction: twenty-two hundred Soviet missiles had been launched.īrzezinski decided not to wake up his wife, preferring that she die in her sleep. Brzezinski told Odom to get confirmation of the attack. A retaliatory strike would have to be ordered quickly Washington might be destroyed within minutes. President Jimmy Carter’s national-security adviser, Zbigniew Brzezinski, was asleep in Washington, D.C., when the phone rang. His military aide, General William Odom, was calling to inform him that two hundred and twenty missiles launched from Soviet submarines were heading toward the United States. Air Force ballistic-missile crews removed their launch keys from the safes, bomber crews ran to their planes, fighter planes took off to search the skies, and the Federal Aviation Administration prepared to order every airborne commercial airliner to land. The Soviets had recently invaded Afghanistan, and the animosity between the two superpowers was greater than at any other time since the Cuban Missile Crisis. On June 3, 1980, at about two-thirty in the morning, computers at the National Military Command Center, beneath the Pentagon, at the headquarters of the North American Air Defense Command ( NORAD), deep within Cheyenne Mountain, Colorado, and at Site R, the Pentagon’s alternate command post center hidden inside Raven Rock Mountain, Pennsylvania, issued an urgent warning: the Soviet Union had just launched a nuclear attack on the United States. ![]() ![]() Some people find it frustrating that you can’t upload different images for desktop and then for mobile. Them, there will be no risk of important information being cut off. Therefore, it’s best to place the main part of your image as well as the text part in the center. If you want the image to be suitable for both desktop and mobile viewing, you can refer to the concept of safe zones.Īs seen on the figure above, mobile and desktop versions cut off noticeable amounts of the original image. The design of your Facebook cover should take into account the inherent differences in how it will be displayed on various devices. Also, part of the text can be cut off, or the whole layout can become clumsy.įacebook Header Size on Desktop vs. For example, the image may turn out pixelated, as said previously. If your chosen image is not consistent with the Facebook cover guidelines, you could face several problems. However, it might become blurry if it was too small with low resolution.Ī cover photo is the single largest image on your page, and it can make or break your relationship with a first-time visitor. The automatic adjustment does not distort the image. Depending on the initial dimensions of the picture, it will be either be stretched or cropped. Luckily for Facebook users, all photos are resized to fit the cover space. If the photo does not fit the said dimensions, it will be automatically adjusted. For those on mobile devices, the photo is sized at 640 pixels wide by 360 pixels tall. Here are the technical specifications:Īccording to Facebook, your cover photo is displayed at 820 pixels wide by 312 pixels tall for desktop users. But with so many sizing guidelines (covers, profile photos, link post images, etc.), it’s hard not to get confused. There is no denying that a Facebook cover photo should be a large, high-resolution image. #Facebook cover photo size portablePNG – Portable Network Graphics is one of the most commonly used file formats used for lossless image compression.For example, there can be 640 pixels from one side to the other and 512 pixels from top to bottom, which you can see one by one when zooming in. Pixel – It is a building block of a digital image and is the smallest unit of information.Safe zone – It is a smaller part of the Facebook cover photo that is always visible throughout all of the social networks.Businesses can use it to highlight their products, services, etc. Cover photo – It is a panoramic image space at the top of the Facebook page, above the profile picture.There won’t be much technical information, but some terms you need to know are: In order to get everyone on the same page, it’s useful to go over the basic terminology that will be discussed in this article. This guide will go over the Facebook dimensions rules, template examples, do’s & don’ts and a lot more to help you create the most effective, impressive cover photos and videos. Everything counts when you want to make the best first impression – sizing, content, text, mobile-friendliness, etc. Your Facebook cover image is arguably the first thing users notice on your page. ![]() ![]()
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